Introduction

Thomas Jefferson University is a private university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Established in its earliest form in 1824, the university officially combined with Philadelphia University in 2017.To signify its heritage, the university sometimes carries the nomenclature Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University) in its branding. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".

History

Philadelphia University

At the 1876 Centennial Exposition, local textile manufacturers noticed that Philadelphia's textile industry was falling behind its rivals' capacity, technology, and ability. In 1880, they formed the Philadelphia Association of Manufacturers of Textile Fabrics, with Theodore C. Search as its president, to fight for higher tariffs on imported textiles and to educate local textile leaders. Search joined the board of directors of the Philadelphia Museum and School of Industrial Art (now the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the University of the Arts), thinking it the perfect partner for his plans for a school, and began fundraising in 1882.

In early 1884, Search himself taught the first classes of the Philadelphia Textile School to five students at 1336 Spring Garden Street. The school was officially opened on November 5, 1884. The school moved to 1303-1307 Buttonwood Street in 1891, then moved again in 1893.

Enrollment had been growing steadily and the school was turning away "bright young fellows" for lack of space. The School acquired the former Philadelphia Institute of the Deaf and Dumb on the corner of Broad and Spruce Streets, which allowed rapid expansion of academic offerings and capacity of students.

In 1942, the school was granted the right to award baccalaureate degrees and changed its name to the Philadelphia Textile Institute (PTI). In 1949, having decided to break its ties with the museum, PTI moved to its present site in the East Falls section of Philadelphia.

In 1961, the school changed its name again, to Philadelphia College of Textiles & Science, but was still known as Philadelphia Textile for short. The university's student population doubled between 1954 and 1964, and doubled again by 1978, with programs in the arts, sciences, and business administration being introduced. The College purchased an adjoining property in 1972, doubling the size of its campus. In 1976, it offered its first graduate degree, the Master of Business Administration. The purchase of additional properties in East Falls in 1980 and 1988 nearly doubled the campus again, adding classrooms, research laboratories, student residences, and athletic facilities. In 1992, the 54,000-square-foot (5,000 m2) Paul J. Gutman Library opened.

During the 1990s, the college began to offer undergraduate majors in a wider range of fields, resulting in the college being granted university status by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1999. The Board of Trustees voted to change the college’s name to Philadelphia University, on July 13, 1999.

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Thomas Jefferson University

Thomas Jefferson University began as a medical school. During the early 19th century, several attempts to create a second medical school in Philadelphia had been stymied, largely by University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine alumni. In an attempt to circumvent that opposition, a group of Philadelphia physicians led by George McClellan sent an 1824 letter to the trustees of Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, asking them to establish a medical department in Philadelphia. The trustees agreed, establishing the Medical Department of Jefferson College in Philadelphia in 1825. In response to a second request, the Pennsylvania General Assembly granted an expansion of Jefferson College's charter in 1826, endorsing the creation of the new department and allowing it to grant medical degrees. An additional 10 Jefferson College trustees, including Joel Barlow Sutherland, were appointed to supervise the new facility from Philadelphia, owing to the difficulty of managing a medical department on the other side of the state. Two years later, this second board was granted authority to manage the Medical Department, while the Jefferson College trustees maintained veto power for major decisions.

The first class was graduated in 1826, receiving their degrees only after the disposition of a lawsuit seeking to close the school. The first classes were held in the Tivoli Theatre on Prune Street in Philadelphia, which had the first medical clinic attached to a medical school.[9] Owing to the teaching philosophy of Dr. McClellan, classes focused on clinical practice.[9] In 1828, the Medical Department moved to the Ely Building, which allowed for a large lecture space and the "Pit," a 700-seat amphitheatre to allow students to view surgeries.[9] This building had an attached hospital, the second such medical school/hospital arrangement in the nation, servicing 441 inpatients and 4,659 outpatients in its first year of operation. The future founder of gynaecology J. Marion Sims studied there from 1834-1835, when he graduated. The relationship with Jefferson College survived until 1838, when the Medical Department received a separate charter, allowing it to operate separately as the Jefferson Medical College.[8][10] At this time, all instructors, including McClellan, were vacated from the school and the trustees hired all new individuals to teach. This has been considered the time at which the school came to be considered a "legitimate" medical school.

In 1841, Jefferson Medical College hired what would be dubbed "The Faculty of '41", an influential collection of professors including Charles Delucena Meigs and Mütter Museum founder Thomas Dent Mütter. This collection of professors would institute numerous changes to Jefferson—including providing patient beds over a shop at 10th and Sansom Streets in 1844—and the staff would remain unchanged for 15 years. The graduating class of 1849 included a son of college founder Joel Barlow Sutherland, Charles Sutherland, who went on to serve as Surgeon General of the United States Army.

In 1882, a Philadelphia Press newspaper story sparked a sensational trial after a journalist caught body snatchers stealing corpses and providing them to Jefferson Medical College for use as cadavers by medical students. Four grave robbers were arrested and sentenced to Moyamensing Prison for stealing bodies and selling them to Jefferson Medical College at the rate of $8 a body. After the arrests, it was determined that the body snatching had been going on for nine years and several hundred corpses had been sold to Jefferson Medical College.

The renowned surgeon and Jefferson Medical College anatomy professor, William S. Forbes, was arrested for his role in the grave robbery but was acquitted. Forbes helped write the 1867 Pennsylvania Law named the "Anatomy Act" which called for hospitals, prisons and mental health wards to provide the bodies of those that had no family or funds for burial to medical schools for anatomical research.

Due in part to the Lebanon Cemetery grave robbery scandal, the Pennsylvania Anatomy Act of 1883 was passed which provided for legal means by which medical colleges could obtain cadavers without having to buy them from grave robbers.

A 125-bed hospital, one of the first in the nation affiliated with a medical school, opened in 1877, and a school for nurses began in 1891. The Medical College became Thomas Jefferson University on July 1, 1969. As an academic health care centre, Jefferson is currently involved in education, medical research, and patient care. Jefferson Medical College is the 9th oldest American medical school that is in existence today.

In January 2007, the university sold Thomas Eakins' painting The Gross Clinic, which depicts a surgery that took place at the school, for $68 million, to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, in association with the Philadelphia Museum of Art. A reproduction hangs in its place at Jefferson University.

On June 17, 2014, Sidney Kimmel donated $110 million to Jefferson Medical College, prompting the announcement that Jefferson Medical College would be renamed Sidney Kimmel Medical College.

Merger

In May 2017, the two universities announced that they would merge to become Thomas Jefferson University.

Academics

Jefferson offers 160+ undergraduate and graduate programs, including the former Philadelphia University's flagship colleges:

• College of Architecture and the Built Environment
• Kanbar College of Design, Engineering and Commerce
• College of Science, Health and the Liberal Arts
• School of Continuing and Professional Studies

Campus

There are two campuses and a research centre.

East Falls: The university's East Falls 100-acre (40 ha) wooded campus is located ten minutes northwest of Centre City, Philadelphia on SEPTA's Chestnut Hill West commuter rail line. The campus consists of 52 buildings, including classrooms, laboratories, studios, the Paul J. Gutman Library, student resident facilities, an exhibition gallery, and the latest additions, the 72,000-square-foot (6,700 m2) Kanbar Campus Centre for students, faculty and staff; the Gallagher Athletic, Recreation and Convocation Centre; the LEED Gold Centre for Sustainability, Energy Efficiency and Design; the Philadelphia University Residences at Falls Centre, and the innovative DEC Centre. A subsidiary campus is located in Bucks County.

Downtown The university's centre city Philadelphia campus, medical offices, and hospital (called Jefferson Health) are headquartered at 130 South Ninth Street and surrounding city blocks.

Manayunk Research Centre: In addition to its major properties, Jefferson runs the Philadelphia University Research Centre, which is housed in a restored textile mill (originally opened in 1864) in the Manayunk section of Philadelphia, just south of the main campus. The research centre contains both the Engineering and Design Institute and the Laboratory for Engineered Human Protection.

Athletics

The Jefferson sports teams are known as the Jefferson Rams. The merged school chose to retain Philadelphia University's nickname and the athletic program follows the overall institution in using the branding of "Jefferson" when describing the university as a whole.

The university is known for its men's basketball program, particularly coach Herb Magee, who became the most successful men's basketball coach in NCAA history on February 23, 2010, and was inducted into the Class of 2011 of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Now in his 46th season, Magee is celebrating 54 years at Philadelphia University as a student, player and coach, highlighted by an NCAA Division II Basketball Championship in 1970. Magee was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters by President Stephen Spinelli Jr. at Philadelphia University's 125th Commencement in 2009.

The university women's basketball program is under Athletic Director and Women's Basketball Coach Tom Shirley. Shirley, who has been the University’s director of athletics since 1992, has won 607 games, which places him sixth on the NCAA DII career wins list and 30th on the NCAA all-divisions career coaching wins list. On January 19, 2011, Shirley took his 600th win as the Rams defeated Chestnut Hill College 76–60.

Bob File played for the Philadelphia University Rams men's baseball program.

In the 2006–2007 season, Philadelphia University started a rowing program under head coach Chris O'Brien. In its inaugural season it won the Dad Vail Regatta in the Women's Novice Heavy Eight. The 2008–2009 season was also notable for the success of the men's and women's tennis teams, with both winning the CACC (Central Atlantic Collegiate Conference).

Notable alumni

• Adrian Brooks ('78), former professional soccer player.
• James P. Bagian, physician, engineer, and former NASA astronaut.
• Pat Chambers, Penn State University men's basketball coach.
• Jacob Mendes Da Costa, discoverer of Da Costa's syndrome.
• Bob File, ex-Major League Baseball player, Toronto Blue Jays.
• Carlos Finlay, pioneer in the research of yellow fever, determining that it was transmitted through Aedes aegypti.
• William S. Forbes, professor of anatomy.
• John Heysham Gibbon, inventor of the heart-lung machine; awarded the Lasker Prize.
• Robert Gallo, discoverer of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus; awarded the Lasker Prize twice.
• Kermit Gosnell, abortion provider and convicted child murderer.
• Samuel D. Gross, academic trauma surgeon; referred to as "The Emperor of American Surgery".
• Malcolm C. Grow, first Surgeon General of the United States Air Force.
• Chevalier Jackson, father of endoscopy (alongside Philipp Bozzini).
• Maurice Kanbar ('52, H'03), inventor and philanthropist.
• Herbert Kleber, American psychiatrist and substance abuse researcher.
• William Williams Keen, first neurosurgeon to successfully remove a brain tumour.
• Curtis King, ex-Major League Baseball player, St. Louis Cardinals.
• Howard Krein, physician, surgeon, venture capitalist
• Robert G. Lahita, physician, internist and rheumatologist, best known for research into systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases.
• Herb Magee, head coach of the Jefferson men's basketball team.
• Silas Weir Mitchell, father of medical neurology.
• Jay McCarroll, winner of Bravo's inaugural season of Project Runway.
• David L. Reich ('82), academic anesthesiologist and professor; President & 23.Chief Operating Officer of the Mount Sinai Hospital, and President of Mount Sinai Queens.
• Charles E. de M. Sajous (1878), pioneer of endocrinology
• Jacob da Silva Solis-Cohen, performed the first laryngotomy for vocal cord cancer.
• Greg Wilson, former coach of Rams' men's soccer, and professional player.

Admission Fees and Documents

Thomas Jefferson University Admissions

Students at Thomas Jefferson University are presented with numerous opportunities and resources enhancing their experience as more than just a student. Dedicated to a synergetic approach to nurture and nourish the minds of the students, the university aims to provide a strong foundation for the students career and growth as an individual.

• Application Portal: University’s official website
• Application fee: 40 USD

Undergraduate Admission requirements

• Letter of Recommendation: 1 letter of recommendation is required from a teacher or counsellor who can address the academic preparation of the student. The form for letter of recommendation is available online on the official website.
• Official Transcript: A high school transcript is required. For international students, official copies of secondary school marks or exam results can be produced. Photocopies of school records are permissible, but once the student gets admitted he/she has to submit the original documents.
• SAT or ACT: The SAT or ACT scores are to be sent directly to the university. The SAT code is 2666 and the ACT code is 3668.
• Academic or college preparatory courses: This includes 4 English, 3 Mathematics (including Algebra and Geometry), 3 History and Social Sciences, 2 Lab Science, and 3 Elective courses.
• Personal essay: An essay of 250 words (minimum) is to be submitted. The topic of an essay is given on the official Web site.

Graduate Academic Requirements

• Letter of Recommendations: 2 letters of recommendation are required from people who are not related to the student but are familiar with his/her professional and scholastic qualities. The letters are to be forwarded to the office of Graduate Admission. It is required only for specific programs.
• Official Transcript: It should be sent directly to the office of Graduate Admission from each graduate and undergraduate schools attended. Failure to submit this prior to admission may cause cancellation of admission.
• Standardized Test Results: For some courses, a GRE score is required. The university code for GRE is 2666. It can be waived for those holding a previous master’s degree.
• Non – degree candidates: One may take a graduate course for professional certification. For this, application and official transcripts from bachelor’s are to be submitted.

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